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Under Safe Harbor, how much of a patient's ZIP code may stay in de-identified data?

The first three digits, if that area has over 20,000 people.

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  1. The full five digits
  2. The last two digits
  3. The first three digits, if that area has over 20,000 people ✔

Why: Places smaller than a state must be removed. The first three ZIP digits may stay only if all ZIP codes sharing them hold more than 20,000 people; otherwise they become 000.

Huh, didn't know that: Street address, city and county must all go, but the state can stay.

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References

Answer: The first three digits, if that area has over 20,000 people. Places smaller than a state must be removed. The first three ZIP digits may stay only if all ZIP codes sharing them hold more than 20,000 people; otherwise they become 000.

  1. 45 CFR 164.514 (eCFR) www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/subchapter-C/part-164/subpart-E/section-164.514
    The geographic unit formed by combining all zip codes with the same three initial digits contains more than 20,000 people
    Checked 2026-10-10.
  2. 45 CFR 164.514 (eCFR) www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/subchapter-C/part-164/subpart-E/section-164.514
    All geographic subdivisions smaller than a State, including street address, city, county, precinct, zip code
    Checked 2026-10-10.

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